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May 2005 |
Issue: 35 |
This paper will explain and show how standard ANSI SQL processors can naturally model and automatically process complex multi-leg hierarchical data structures at a full conceptual hierarchical level. This also means the query user does not need to have structure knowledge of the hierarchical structures involved. The data modeling capability includes dynamically combining logical hierarchical relational and physical XML data structures at a full hierarchical level. This also includes the ability to link below the root of the lower level structure intuitively forming a valid unified hierarchical structure. As will be shown, ANSI SQL’s high level hierarchical data processing allows the flexible conceptual control of hierarchical node promotion, fragment processing, structure transformation, and variable structure creation. Also described is how the complex multi-leg hierarchical data filtering and processing is automatically carried out by the relational engine’s Cartesian product processing which inherently utilizes Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) logic. Other ANSI SQL hierarchical processing features covered include the natural ability to maintain hierarchical processing operation in distributed processing environments across heterogeneous SQL systems and to apply all of these natural hierarchical processing abilities to the transparent and full integration of XML.
Modeling the Transfer of
Technology to Taiwan from China
by Chun-Chu Liu
Department of International Business, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan,
R.O.C.
For decreasing their cost, the Taiwan's traditional industries' companies move their production base to the areas the income is lower. In the meantime, the China's technological research and development departments lack the expenditure to maintain their operation. This study wants to know how let the Taiwan's companies cooperate with the China's technological research and development departments. This study found the Taiwan’s companies cooperate with the China's research and development departments because the technologies they need are too advanced or the other country’s' companies they own this technology ask higher prices. The objects the Taiwan's companies cooperate with are including not only the companies but also the research and development departments. The model they use are including buying in the market, alliance and cooperating between the companies. From these foundlings of this study, we found five propositions: 1.
The ability to absorb technical knowledge influences the method used to build such knowledge. 2. The industry life cycle affects the type of technical knowledge transfer. 3. Those whose technical knowledge has relatively little external exposure will bring in large numbers of specialized personnel from Mainland China; in the case where the technical knowledge has relatively high external exposure, the manufacturers will tend to not bring in specialized personnel from Mainland China. 4. The manufacturer’s ability to absorb technology affects the manufacturer’s ability to bring in specialized personnel from Mainland China to assist the manufacturer in receiving technical knowledge. 5. Manufacturers that prepare tenders for the transfer of technology that have relatively high external exposure will resort to purchases in the market and strategic alliances, while manufacturers that prepare tenders for the transfer of technology that have relatively low external exposure will adopt the external assistance/ internal R&D approach.
A
Reliability Assessment Model for Switched-Chaining
Type Modular Design Based Software Systems
by Raghuraj Singh, Assistant Professor
Onkar Singh Assistant Professor
Yogesh Singh, Professor &
Dean
This paper considers the problem of assessing the reliability of a switched-chaining software system, which has a generalized modular design based structure. Reliability expression for the software system in terms of the individual module reliabilities and their transition probabilities has been developed. It has been assumed that the system follows Markov chain process for the transfer of control among modules. Reliability expression so developed has also been used to develop reliability expressions for branching and sequential software systems. This demonstrates that branching and sequential software systems are particular cases of the switched-chaining system and no special reliability expressions are needed for them.
The software development industry has begun to place much more emphasis on software quality. This has led to increasingly large body of work being done in the area of software quality measures such as reliability. A very large number of reliability estimation and assessment models have been proposed for different quality design methodologies. A discussion of such measures can be found in [1] [5] [9] [10] [12][13] [15]. A study on software systems with Markov transfer of control among modules has been reported in [2] [3] and effects of combining diverse software fault detection techniques have been discussed in [16]. A reliability analysis of large software systems and telecommunication systems has been done in [4] [11] [14]. Introduction of redundancy has been one of the major strategies to improve reliability of systems. An evaluation of such strategies has been done in [6].
In this paper, we have developed software reliability expression, in terms of the individual module reliabilities and their transition probabilities, for a switched-chaining system, which has a generalized modular design based structure. Reliability expression for the switched-chaining system has also been used to develop reliability expressions for branching and sequential software systems [10], which demonstrate that these are particular cases of the switched-chaining systems and no special reliability expressions are needed for them.